CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)
CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)
CVSS Score Ranges and Severity Levels:
0.0 (None): No impact, no action needed.
0.1 – 3.9 (Low): Minimal impact, less urgent.
4.0 – 6.9 (Medium): Moderate impact, requires attention.
7.0 – 8.9 (High): Significant impact, requires quick fixing or patching.
9.0 – 10.0 (Critical): Severe impact, immediate and significant risks.
SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is an email authentication method that helps prevent email spoofing by verifying that a message’s sender is authorized to send email from a specific domain. It works by publishing a DNS record that lists the IP addresses or domains allowed to send emails on behalf of the domain.
DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) is an email authentication standard that verifies the authenticity of emails by digitally signing them using a public/private keypair. It helps prevent email spoofing and ensures that messages haven’t been tampered with during transit.
DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is an email authentication protocol that builds on top of DKIM and SPF to prevent email spoofing and phishing. It essentially allows domain owners to take control of their email reputation by specifying how receiving email servers should handle messages that fail SPF or DKIM authentication.
0.0 (None): No impact, no action needed.
0.1 – 3.9 (Low): Minimal impact, less urgent.
4.0 – 6.9 (Medium): Moderate impact, requires attention.
7.0 – 8.9 (High): Significant impact, requires quick fixing or patching.